Vulnerability details
CVE-2026-23401
KVM: x86/mmu: Drop/zap existing present SPTE even when creating an MMIO SPTE
Official description
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: KVM: x86/mmu: Drop/zap existing present SPTE even when creating an MMIO SPTE When installing an emulated MMIO SPTE, do so *after* dropping/zapping the existing SPTE (if it's shadow-present). While commit a54aa15c6bda3 was right about it being impossible to convert a shadow-present SPTE to an MMIO SPTE due to a _guest_ write, it failed to account for writes to guest memory that are outside the scope of KVM. E.g. if host userspace modifies a shadowed gPTE to switch from a memslot to emulted MMIO and then the guest hits a relevant page fault, KVM will install the MMIO SPTE without first zapping the shadow-present SPTE. ------------[ cut here ]------------ is_shadow_present_pte(*sptep) WARNING: arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c:484 at mark_mmio_spte+0xb2/0xc0 [kvm], CPU#0: vmx_ept_stale_r/4292 Modules linked in: kvm_intel kvm irqbypass CPU: 0 UID: 1000 PID: 4292 Comm: vmx_ept_stale_r Not tainted 7.0.0-rc2-eafebd2d2ab0-sink-vm #319 PREEMPT Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 0.0.0 02/06/2015 RIP: 0010:mark_mmio_spte+0xb2/0xc0 [kvm] Call Trace: <TASK> mmu_set_spte+0x237/0x440 [kvm] ept_page_fault+0x535/0x7f0 [kvm] kvm_mmu_do_page_fault+0xee/0x1f0 [kvm] kvm_mmu_page_fault+0x8d/0x620 [kvm] vmx_handle_exit+0x18c/0x5a0 [kvm_intel] kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl_run+0xc55/0x1c20 [kvm] kvm_vcpu_ioctl+0x2d5/0x980 [kvm] __x64_sys_ioctl+0x8a/0xd0 do_syscall_64+0xb5/0x730 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53 RIP: 0033:0x47fa3f </TASK> ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---
CVSS scores
| Score | Version | Source | Vector |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8.1High | 3.1 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) (redhat-SADP) | CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H |
Affected products
| Vendor | Product | Versions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux | 5.13 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| Linux | Linux | a54aa15c6bda3ca7e2f9e040ba968a1da303e24f ≤ v < ed5909992f344a7d3f4024261e9f751d9618a27d | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| Linux | Linux | a54aa15c6bda3ca7e2f9e040ba968a1da303e24f ≤ v < fd28c5618699180cd69619801e9ae6a5266c0a22 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| Linux | Linux | a54aa15c6bda3ca7e2f9e040ba968a1da303e24f ≤ v < 459158151a158a6703b49f3c9de0e536d8bd553f | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| Linux | Linux | a54aa15c6bda3ca7e2f9e040ba968a1da303e24f ≤ v < 695320de6eadb75aaed8be1787c4ce4c189e4c7b | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| Linux | Linux | a54aa15c6bda3ca7e2f9e040ba968a1da303e24f ≤ v < bce7fe59d43531623f3e43779127bfb33804925d | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| Linux | Linux | a54aa15c6bda3ca7e2f9e040ba968a1da303e24f ≤ v < aad885e774966e97b675dfe928da164214a71605 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| Linux | Linux | a54aa15c6bda3ca7e2f9e040ba968a1da303e24f ≤ v < 20656cd1f243d3a154aac5dd1b823110b6906fe1 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 | All | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
References and advisories
28- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/20656cd1f243d3a154aac5dd1b823110b6906fe1
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ed5909992f344a7d3f4024261e9f751d9618a27d
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fd28c5618699180cd69619801e9ae6a5266c0a22
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/459158151a158a6703b49f3c9de0e536d8bd553f
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/695320de6eadb75aaed8be1787c4ce4c189e4c7b
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bce7fe59d43531623f3e43779127bfb33804925d
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/aad885e774966e97b675dfe928da164214a71605
- https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-23401 vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT
- https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2453803 issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT
- https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-23401.json x_sadp-csaf-vex
- https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:15883 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
- https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:19569 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
- https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:13936 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
- https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:20593 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
- https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:13932 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
- https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:14339 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
- https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:19568 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
- https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:13577 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
- https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:36530 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
- https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:14230 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
- https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:19521 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
- https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:36531 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
- https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:36532 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
- https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:36533 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
- https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:36534 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
- https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:13578 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
- https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:14137 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
- https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:19875 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
Details
- Published
- 2026-04-01
- Last updated
- 2026-11-06
- State
- Published
- Assigner (CNA)
- Linux
Exploit prediction (EPSS)
SSVC assessment (CISA)
- Automatable
- No
- Exploitation
- None
- Technical impact
- Partial
Weaknesses (CWE)
- CWE-416Use After Free