Vulnerability details
CVE-2025-9312
WSO2 API Control PlaneWSO2 API ManagerWSO2 Identity ServerWSO2 Identity Server as Key ManagerWSO2 Open Banking AMWSO2 Open Banking IAM
Improper Certificate-Based Authentication Enforcement in Multiple WSO2 Products
CVSS 3.1
9.8Critical
Official description
A missing authentication enforcement vulnerability exists in the mutual TLS (mTLS) implementation used by System REST APIs and SOAP services in multiple WSO2 products. Due to improper validation of client certificate–based authentication in certain default configurations, the affected components may permit unauthenticated requests even when mTLS is enabled. This condition occurs when relying on the default mTLS settings for System REST APIs or when the mTLS authenticator is enabled for SOAP services, causing these interfaces to accept requests without enforcing additional authentication. Successful exploitation allows a malicious actor with network access to the affected endpoints to gain administrative privileges and perform unauthorized operations. The vulnerability is exploitable only when the impacted mTLS flows are enabled and accessible in a given deployment. Other certificate-based authentication mechanisms such as Mutual TLS OAuth client authentication and X.509 login flows are not affected, and APIs served through the API Gateway of WSO2 API Manager remain unaffected.
CVSS scores
| Score | Version | Source | Vector |
|---|---|---|---|
| 9.8Critical | 3.1 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) (WSO2) | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H |
Affected products
| Vendor | Product | Versions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| WSO2 | WSO2 API Control Plane | 4.5.0 ≤ v < 4.5.0.22 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | WSO2 API Manager | v < 2.2.0 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | WSO2 API Manager | 2.2.0 ≤ v < 2.2.0.58 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | WSO2 API Manager | 2.5.0 ≤ v < 2.5.0.84 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | WSO2 API Manager | 2.6.0 ≤ v < 2.6.0.145 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | WSO2 API Manager | 3.0.0 ≤ v < 3.0.0.175 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | WSO2 API Manager | 3.1.0 ≤ v < 3.1.0.339 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | WSO2 API Manager | 3.2.0 ≤ v < 3.2.0.439 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | WSO2 API Manager | 3.2.1 ≤ v < 3.2.1.59 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | WSO2 API Manager | 4.0.0 ≤ v < 4.0.0.359 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | WSO2 API Manager | 4.1.0 ≤ v < 4.1.0.222 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | WSO2 API Manager | 4.2.0 ≤ v < 4.2.0.161 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | WSO2 API Manager | 4.3.0 ≤ v < 4.3.0.73 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | WSO2 API Manager | 4.4.0 ≤ v < 4.4.0.37 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | WSO2 API Manager | 4.5.0 ≤ v < 4.5.0.21 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | WSO2 Identity Server | v < 5.2.0 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | WSO2 Identity Server | 5.10.0 ≤ v < 5.10.0.368 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | WSO2 Identity Server | 5.11.0 ≤ v < 5.11.0.411 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | WSO2 Identity Server | 5.2.0 ≤ v < 5.2.0.33 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | WSO2 Identity Server | 5.3.0 ≤ v < 5.3.0.34 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | WSO2 Identity Server | 5.4.0 ≤ v < 5.4.0.33 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | WSO2 Identity Server | 5.4.1 ≤ v < 5.4.1.37 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | WSO2 Identity Server | 5.5.0 ≤ v < 5.5.0.51 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | WSO2 Identity Server | 5.6.0 ≤ v < 5.6.0.59 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | WSO2 Identity Server | 5.7.0 ≤ v < 5.7.0.125 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | WSO2 Identity Server | 5.8.0 ≤ v < 5.8.0.109 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | WSO2 Identity Server | 5.9.0 ≤ v < 5.9.0.168 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | WSO2 Identity Server | 6.0.0 ≤ v < 6.0.0.243 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | WSO2 Identity Server | 6.1.0 ≤ v < 6.1.0.241 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | WSO2 Identity Server | 7.0.0 ≤ v < 7.0.0.116 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | WSO2 Identity Server | 7.1.0 ≤ v < 7.1.0.23 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | WSO2 Identity Server as Key Manager | v < 5.3.0 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | WSO2 Identity Server as Key Manager | 5.10.0 ≤ v < 5.10.0.358 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | WSO2 Identity Server as Key Manager | 5.3.0 ≤ v < 5.3.0.39 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | WSO2 Identity Server as Key Manager | 5.5.0 ≤ v < 5.5.0.52 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | WSO2 Identity Server as Key Manager | 5.6.0 ≤ v < 5.6.0.74 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | WSO2 Identity Server as Key Manager | 5.7.0 ≤ v < 5.7.0.124 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | WSO2 Identity Server as Key Manager | 5.9.0 ≤ v < 5.9.0.175 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | WSO2 Open Banking AM | v < 1.4.0 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | WSO2 Open Banking AM | 1.4.0 ≤ v < 1.4.0.138 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | WSO2 Open Banking AM | 1.5.0 ≤ v < 1.5.0.139 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | WSO2 Open Banking AM | 2.0.0 ≤ v < 2.0.0.388 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | WSO2 Open Banking IAM | 2.0.0 ≤ v < 2.0.0.408 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | WSO2 Open Banking KM | v < 1.4.0 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | WSO2 Open Banking KM | 1.4.0 ≤ v < 1.4.0.132 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | WSO2 Open Banking KM | 1.5.0 ≤ v < 1.5.0.122 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | WSO2 Traffic Manager | 4.5.0 ≤ v < 4.5.0.20 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | WSO2 Universal Gateway | 4.5.0 ≤ v < 4.5.0.20 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | org.wso2.carbon.identity.auth.service | 1.1.1 ≤ v < 1.1.1.2 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | org.wso2.carbon.identity.auth.service | 1.1.16 ≤ v < 1.1.16.3 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | org.wso2.carbon.identity.auth.service | 1.1.18 ≤ v < 1.1.18.4 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | org.wso2.carbon.identity.auth.service | 1.1.20 ≤ v < 1.1.20.5 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | org.wso2.carbon.identity.auth.service | 1.1.26 ≤ v < 1.1.26.7 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | org.wso2.carbon.identity.auth.service | 1.3.6 ≤ v < 1.3.6.8 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | org.wso2.carbon.identity.auth.service | 1.4.0 ≤ v < 1.4.0.18 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | org.wso2.carbon.identity.auth.service | 1.4.25 ≤ v < 1.4.25.24 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | org.wso2.carbon.identity.auth.service | 1.4.52 ≤ v < 1.4.52.4 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | org.wso2.carbon.identity.auth.service | 1.6.1 ≤ v < 1.6.1.11 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | org.wso2.carbon.identity.auth.service | 1.7.1 ≤ v < 1.7.1.4 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | org.wso2.carbon.identity.auth.service | 1.8.11 ≤ v < 1.8.11.6 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | org.wso2.carbon.identity.auth.service | 1.8.41 ≤ v < 1.8.41.2 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | org.wso2.carbon.identity.auth.service | 1.9.18 ≤ v < 1.9.18.2 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
| WSO2 | org.wso2.carbon.identity.auth.service | 1.9.4 ≤ v < 1.9.4.4 | CVEProject cvelistV5 (CNA) |
References and advisories
1
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Details
- Published
- 2025-11-18
- Last updated
- 2025-11-18
- State
- Published
- Assigner (CNA)
- WSO2
Exploit prediction (EPSS)
0.25%
Probability of exploitation in 30 days
16.4%
Percentile (among all CVEs)
SSVC assessment (CISA)
- Automatable
- Yes
- Exploitation
- None
- Technical impact
- Partial
Weaknesses (CWE)
- CWE-306Missing Authentication for Critical Function